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Both the platforms coming from the same parent company Microsoft has quite a lot in common still there is a lot of difference between them. So which one should you choose?
First talking about similarities both of them are storage platforms that share common cloud storage that’s Azure, both can edit office files and is directly accessible in Teams, apps of both are available on mobile. Both can share file externally and sync on both pc and mobile. Both are available to the end users for free with limited free cloud storage.

Lets talk about key differences between the two of them :-
Both the platforms are for cloud storage but the difference arises for whom that storage actually is? SharePoint’s storage is actually meant to be shared with your entire team that is been working on one common project. The documents and files stored in SharePoint is accessed, maintained and edited by every member working on different parts of the project. Though the access and level of access and be changed for each member by owner.
On the other hand OneDrive serves the purpose of personal usage. All the files uploaded and accessed by yourself but can be shared with others with link if you want to.

SharePoint provides a framework for custom solution development to design business-specific flows for integration and collaboration, with the combination of SharePoint and Power Platform businesses are developing their automated workflows, Apps, generating automated data insights, and more with improving productivity by leaps and bounds. 
On the other hand OneDrive is the solution developed on the SharePoint framework.

SharePoint comes up with Intranet capabilities where you can provide access to internal webpages to different employees groups depending on their job roles.
There is no such feature like this on OneDrive